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1 | # Runtime (crt0) |
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2 | |||||||
| 3 | By default, when using my link scripts, the standard runtime is initialised by crt0 as follows: |
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| 4 | ||||||||
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5 | | Address | Size | Variable Name |Comment | |
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6 | | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | |
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| 7 | | `0x03fffe` | ~256k | `_STACK_SIZE` |Stack (SSP). Grows towards 0. At round about 0x0000400 it would start stomping all over the memory area used by the monitor | |
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| 8 | | `0x040000` | n/a | `_RUN_ADDRESS` | Start of user program (.text), followed by initialised data (.data) and then unititialised data (.bss). The .bss area is initialised to all zeroes before main() is called. | |
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10 | You can override the values at link time by using the linker option: |
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| 12 | ``` |
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13 | --defsym=<Variable Name>=<value> |
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14 | ``` |
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| 15 | You can use this option as many times as needed. |
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| 16 | ||||||||
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17 | ## In Detail |
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| 18 | ### Heap |
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19 | |||||||
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20 | `crt0` allocates all free memory from the end of the .bss area to the end of ram to the heap (malloc/free). |
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21 | |||||||
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22 | ### Global Variables |
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23 | crt0 sets the following global variables: |
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| 25 | **uint8_t cpu_speed_mhz**. This uses the counter in the PI/T to figure out roughly how fast the CPU is being clocked at. Within a MHz or so. |
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| 27 | **uint8_t cpu_type**. Figures out what CPU is installed: 0 - 68000/68008, 1 - 68010, 2 - 68020, 3 - 68030 |
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| 29 | **uint8_t running_in_rom**. When non-zero, indicates that the code is running in ROM. 0 indicates it's running in RAM. |
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31 | To access any of these variables, simply ```#include <machine.h.>``` |
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32 | |||||||
| 33 | ### On Exit |
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| 34 | When `main()` returns or when `exit()` is called, a non-zero exit code will be printed as follows: |
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| 35 | ``` |
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| 36 | exited with status: <value> |
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| 37 | ``` |
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| 38 | No message is printed if the exit code was zero. |
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| 39 | Control will then be passed back to the monitor |
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